List of Nursing Diagnosis

Nursing Care Plan for Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a slow disease in which your arteries become clogged and hardened. Fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances form plaque, which builds up in arteries.

Signs and Symptoms:

Many times, people with atherosclerosis don't have any symptoms until an artery is 40% clogged with plaque. Symptoms vary depending upon which arteries are affected.


Nursing Diagnosis for Atherosclerosis : Acute Pain related to an impaired ability of blood vessels to supply oxygen to the tissues.

Goal: reduced pain

Expected outcomes: patient states chest pain disappear, or can be controlled, the patient did not seem grimace, demonstrate relaxation techniques.

Intervention and Rational:

1. Monitor characteristics of pain through verbal and hemodynamic responses (crying, pain, grimacing, can not rest, respiratory rhythm, blood pressure and changes in heat rate).
Rationale: Each patient has a different response to pain, verbal and hemodynamic changes in response to detecting a change in comfort.

2. Assess the description of pain experienced by patients include: place, intensity, duration, quality, and distribution.
Rationale: Pain is a subjective feeling that is experienced and is described by the patient and should be compared with other symptoms to obtain accurate data.

3. Provide a comfortable environment, reduce the activity, limit visitors.
Rationale: Helps reduce external stimuli that can add to the tranquility so patients can rest in peace and the power of the heart is not too hard.

4. Teach relaxation techniques with a sigh
Rationale: Helps relieve pain experienced by patients psychologically which can distract the patient that is not focused on the pain experienced.

5. Observation of vital signs before and after drug administration.
Rationale: Knowing the patient's progress, after being given the drug.

Nursing Diagnosis Risk for impaired skin integrity related to pitting edema.

Expected outcomes:
clients can demonstrate behaviors / techniques to prevent skin damage.
Maintaining the integrity of the skin.

Interventions:

1. Change position often in bed / chair, assistive range of motion exercises passive / active.
2. Provide frequent skin care, minimizing the moisture / excretion.
3. Check narrow shoes / sandals and change as needed.
4. Monitor skin, bone protrusion noted, edema, impaired circulation area / pigmentation or overweight / underweight.
5. Massage the area red or white.

Rational:

1. Improving circulation / lowering an area that interfere with blood flow.
2. Too dry or moist skin damage and accelerating damage.
3. Dependent edema can cause the shoe is too narrow, increasing the risk of stress and damage to the skin on the feet.
4. Lowering the pressure on the skin, improve circulation.
5. Skin disorders are at risk due to the peripheral circulation, physical immobilization and impaired nutritional status. Increase blood flow, minimizing tissue hypoxia.

Nursing Care Plan for Gastritis

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. The main acute causes are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Sometimes gastritis develops after major surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections.

In some cases, the stomach lining may be "eaten away," leading to sores (peptic ulcers) in the stomach or first part of the small intestine. Gastritis can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually (chronic gastritis). In most cases, gastritis does not permanently damage the stomach lining.

Risk Factors:

• Infection with H. pylori
• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• Any condition that requires relief from chronic pain using NSAIDS, such as chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, or arthritis
• Alcoholism
• Cigarette smoking
• Older age
• Herpes simplex virus or cytomegalovirus
• Inflammatory bowel disease

Signs and Symptoms:

The most common symptoms of gastritis are stomach upset and pain. Other possible symptoms include:

• Indigestion (dyspepsia)
• Heartburn
• Abdominal pain
• Hiccups
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Vomiting, possibly of blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
• Dark stools

Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion related to Hypovolemia

Nursing Intervention:

1. Investigate changes in level of consciousness, complaining of dizziness / headaches.
Rationale: The change may indicate inadequate cerebral perfusion as a result of artery blood pressure.

2. Investigate complaints of chest pain
Rationale: May indicate cardiac ischemia in relation to decreased perfusion.

3. Assess skin to cold, pale, sweating, slow capillary refill and peripheral pulses are weak.
Rational: Sympathetic Vasoconstriction is a response to the decline in circulating volume and / or can occur as a side effect of vasopressin administration.

4. Record the output of urine specific gravity and
Rationale: Decreased systemic perfusion can lead to ischemia / renal failure manifested by decreased urine output.

5. Record report abdominal pain, particularly sudden, severe pain or pain spreading to the shoulders.
Rationale: Pain caused by gastric ulcers are often lost after acute hemorrhage due to buffer the effects of the blood. Severe pain persists or suddenly can show respect to ischemia vasokinstriksi therapy.

6. Observation for pale skin, redness, massage with oil. Change positions frequently
Rational: disturbances in the peripheral circulation increases the risk of skin damage.

collaboration
7. Provide supplemental oxygen as indicated
Rational: treat hypoxemia and lactic acidosis during acute hemorrhage.

8. Give IV fluids as indicated
Rational: to maintain circulating volume and perfusion.