List of Nursing Diagnosis

Constipation is a common digestive problem. Usually characterized by constipation bear or irregular bowel movements. In addition to people who suffer from constipation often experience bowel movement, and a knotted stomach ache. People who experience constipation defecate normally only 3 times a week or even less.

Usually constipation is only temporary. Lifestyle changes along with a proper diet, which contains lots of fiber and nutrients are able to overcome this.

To learn more about the constipation, please read the following description, from the symptoms, causes and ways of treatment.


Symptoms of Constipation

Signs and symptoms of constipation include:

• A bowel movement fewer than three times a week.
• Difficult defecation.
• Excruciating abdominal pressure when the movement of the intestine.
• Feeling of blockage in the rectum.
• The feeling was not finished after a bowel movement.

Causes and Risk Factors

Normally feces in the intestine is driven by the contraction of the intestinal muscles. In the large intestine the water and salt absorbed back because it is important for the body. But when the colon absorbs too much water, or colon muscle contractions slowly then the stool will be hard and dry so that the movement of the large intestine becomes too slow.

You may also experience constipation if the muscles are used to move the intestines do not function properly. This problem is called anismus.


A number of factors which led to, among others :

• Lack of fluids or dehydration.
• Lack of fiber in the diet.
• Lack of physical activity (especially in the elderly).
• Irritable bowel syndrome.
• Changes in lifestyle or routine, including pregnancy, aging and travel.
• Pain ('re having a disease).
• Frequent use or misuse of laxatives.
• Certain diseases, such as stroke, diabetes, thyroid disease, and Parkinson's disease.
• Problems in the colon and rectum, such as bowel obstruction or diverticulosis.
• Certain drugs.
• Hormonal disorders, such as thyroid gland is not active.
• Damage to the anal skin and hemorrhoid.
• The loss of salt levels in the body due to vomiting or diarrhea.
• Injury to the spinal cord, which can have an effect on the intestine.

In rare cases, constipation can be a sign that you are experiencing a serious medical condition, such as colon cancer, hormone disruption or interference with the autoimmune. In children, constipation may indicate Hirschsprung disease - nerve cells lost condition inborn.


Prevention

There is a saying that prevention is better than cure . And here's how to prevent constipation or constipation :

• Eating foods rich in fiber .
• Limit foods low in fiber .
• Drinking enough.
• Regular exercise .
• Do not delay when you want to defecate .
• Try fiber supplements .
• Be careful in choosing a laxative .

Causes of Constipation In Pregnancy

1. Increased Progesterone.
Progesterone plays a role in the process of relaxation of the smooth muscle work. Increased hormone (progesterone), resulting in movement or mobility of the digestive organs become relaxed or be slow. As a result, the process so much longer gastric emptying and transit time of food in the stomach increases. In addition, intestinal peristalsis (intestinal massage, one of the activities of digesting food) also slowed down so that the thrust and contraction of the intestines to weaken the leftovers. As a result, food waste accumulates in the colon longer and difficult to remove.

2. Pressure rectum.
The growing pregnant belly, also advanced impact, namely the rectum (the lower part of the colon) depressed. The pressure makes the feces becomes smooth, so that constipation occurs.

3. Enlarged abdomen. 
Maternal abdominal swelling , causing the pressure of the uterus on the pelvic veins and inferior vena cava (a large vein on the right side of the body, which receives blood flow from the lower body). Pressure was increasingly affect the working system of the small intestine and colon. That is why, constipation often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, when belly bigger.

4. Less fiber.
Body needs fiber for the digestive system. Facilitate fiber intake work in breaking down food digestion, to remove feces or dirt. In a normal person once, lack of fiber can cause constipation. Moreover, in pregnant women is a special condition.

5. Not exercising.
Exercise makes the body healthy and launch a process of metabolism in the body. Exercising on a regular basis, for example, walking or swimming, will stimulate the muscles of the stomach and intestines, one of them, triggering intestinal peristalsis, thereby preventing constipation.

6. Consuming iron. 
Consumption of high doses of iron, for example, from supplements, took part in causing constipation.

Constipation

A situation where an individual experience or a higher risk of static in the large intestine, resulting in a rare bowel movements, hard, dry stools.

Related Factors

• Inadequate fluid intake
• Low-fiber diet
• Inactivity, immobility
• Medication use
• Lack of privacy
• Pain
• Fear of pain
• Laxative abuse
• Pregnancy
• Tumor or other obstructing mass
• Neurogenic disorders

Defining Characteristics

• Infrequent passage of stool
• Passage of hard, dry stool
• Straining at stools
• Passage of liquid fecal seepage
• Frequent but nonproductive desire to defecate
• Anorexia
• Abdominal distention
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dull headache, restlessness, and depression
• Verbalized pain or fear of pain

Expected Outcomes

Individuals will:

   1. Describe the therapeutic program defecation
   2. reported or showed increased bowel elimination
   3. explain the rationale of intervention