8 Nursing Diagnosis related to Pneumonia

Nursing Care Plan for Pneumonia

Definition

Pneumonia is a breathing condition in which there is an infection of the lung. Pneumonia is a common lung infection caused by bacteria, a virus or fungi.


Causes

Pneumonia can be caused by many types of germs.

• The most common type of bacterium is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
• Viruses, such as the flu virus, are also a common cause of pneumonia.
• The bacterium called Pneumocystis jiroveci can cause pneumonia in people whose immune system is not working well.
• Atypical pneumonia, often called walking pneumonia, is caused by other bacteria.

Risk Factors

• Chronic lung disease (bronchiectasis, COPD, cystic fibrosis).
• Dementia, brain injury, cerebral palsy, stroke or other brain disorders.
• Cigarette smoking.
• Recent surgery or trauma.
• Immune system problem (during cancer treatment, or due to HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, or other diseases).
• Surgery to treat cancer of the neck, mouth, or throat.
• Other serious illnesses, such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus or liver cirrhosis.

Symptoms

• Fever.
• Chest pain that often feels worse when you cough or breathe in.
• Cough. You will likely cough up mucus (sputum) from your lungs. Mucus may be rusty or green or tinged with blood.
• Fast breathing and feeling short of breath.
• Fast heartbeat.
• Shaking and "teeth-chattering" chills.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Feeling very tired or very weak.
• Diarrhea.

Nursing Diagnosis related to Pneumonia

1. Ineffective Airway Clearance related to excessive secretions secondary to infection.
Characterized by :

• Patients complained of cough sputum mixed,
• Patients seem a cough productive of sputum,
• Physical examination : percussion dullness, inspiratory rales, crackles loudly.

2. Acute Pain related to inflammation of the lung parenchyma.
Characterized by :

• The patient complains of chest pain,
• Looks grimacing,
• Examination of vital signs : increased pulse (tachycardia).

3. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to excessive secretion secondary to infection.
Characterized by :

• Patients complain of difficulty breathing, shortness Looks,
• Examination of vital signs : respiration decreases,
• Physical examination : use of accessory muscles, bronchial breath sounds.

4. Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements related to decreased appetite secondary to nausea and vomiting.
Characterized by :

• Patients complained of nausea, loss of appetite and vomiting.

5. Activity Intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand.
Characterized by :

• Patients complain of fatigue, difficulty breathing, looking weak, congested,
• Examination of vital signs : respiration decreases.

6. Hyperthermia related to inflammatory lung parenchyma.
Characterized by :

• Patients say the body heat,
• Looks chills,
• Examination of vital signs : temperature rise.

7. Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to frequent waking tehadap secondary respiratory disorders, cough.
Characterized by :
Patients say often wake up at night because of difficulty breathing and coughing, looked tired.

8. Risk for Fluid Volume Deficits related to excessive fluid loss from vomiting.