Wednesday, September 17, 2014

8 Nursing Diagnosis related to Pneumonia


Nursing Care Plan for Pneumonia

Definition

Pneumonia is a breathing condition in which there is an infection of the lung. Pneumonia is a common lung infection caused by bacteria, a virus or fungi.


Causes

Pneumonia can be caused by many types of germs.
  • The most common type of bacterium is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
  • Viruses, such as the flu virus, are also a common cause of pneumonia.
  • The bacterium called Pneumocystis jiroveci can cause pneumonia in people whose immune system is not working well.
  • Atypical pneumonia, often called walking pneumonia, is caused by other bacteria.

Risk Factors
  • Chronic lung disease (bronchiectasis, COPD, cystic fibrosis).
  • Dementia, brain injury, cerebral palsy, stroke or other brain disorders.
  • Cigarette smoking.
  • Recent surgery or trauma.
  • Immune system problem (during cancer treatment, or due to HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, or other diseases).
  • Surgery to treat cancer of the neck, mouth, or throat.
  • Other serious illnesses, such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus or liver cirrhosis.

Symptoms
  • Fever.
  • Chest pain that often feels worse when you cough or breathe in.
  • Cough. You will likely cough up mucus (sputum) from your lungs. Mucus may be rusty or green or tinged with blood.
  • Fast breathing and feeling short of breath.
  • Fast heartbeat.
  • Shaking and "teeth-chattering" chills.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Feeling very tired or very weak.
  • Diarrhea.


Nursing Diagnosis related to Pneumonia

1. Ineffective Airway Clearance related to excessive secretions secondary to infection.
Characterized by :
  • Patients complained of cough sputum mixed,
  • Patients seem a cough productive of sputum,
  • Physical examination : percussion dullness, inspiratory rales, crackles loudly.
2. Acute Pain related to inflammation of the lung parenchyma.
Characterized by :
  • The patient complains of chest pain,
  • Looks grimacing,
  • Examination of vital signs : increased pulse (tachycardia).
3. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to excessive secretion secondary to infection.
Characterized by :
  • Patients complain of difficulty breathing, shortness Looks,
  • Examination of vital signs : respiration decreases,
  • Physical examination : use of accessory muscles, bronchial breath sounds.
4. Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements related to decreased appetite secondary to nausea and vomiting.
Characterized by :
  • Patients complained of nausea, loss of appetite and vomiting.
5. Activity Intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand.
Characterized by :
  • Patients complain of fatigue, difficulty breathing, looking weak, congested,
  • Examination of vital signs : respiration decreases.
6. Hyperthermia related to inflammatory lung parenchyma.
Characterized by :
  • Patients say the body heat,
  • Looks chills,
  • Examination of vital signs : temperature rise.

7. Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to frequent waking tehadap secondary respiratory disorders, cough.
Characterized by :
Patients say often wake up at night because of difficulty breathing and coughing, looked tired.

8. Risk for Fluid Volume Deficits related to excessive fluid loss from vomiting.

1 comment:

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